Rule 3A:14. Trial Jurors

(a) Examination. — After the prospective jurors are sworn on the voir dire, the court must question them individually or collectively to determine whether anyone:

(1) Is related by blood, adoption, or marriage to the accused or to a person against whom the alleged offense was committed;

(2) Is an officer, director, agent or employee of the accused;

(3) Has any interest in the trial or the outcome of the case;

(4) Has acquired any information about the alleged offense or the accused from the news media or other sources and, if so, whether such information would affect his impartiality in the case;

(5) Has expressed or formed any opinion as to the guilt or innocence of the accused;

(6) Has a bias or prejudice against the Commonwealth or the accused; or

(7) Has any reason to believe the juror might not give a fair and impartial trial to the Commonwealth and the accused based solely on the law and the evidence. Thereafter, the court, and counsel as of right, may examine on oath any prospective juror and ask any questions relevant to the qualifications as an impartial juror. A party objecting to a juror may introduce competent evidence in support of the objection.

(b) Challenge for Cause. — The court, on its own motion or following a challenge for cause, may excuse a prospective juror if it appears the juror is not qualified, and another must be drawn or called and placed in the juror's stead for the trial of that case.

Committee Notes

Last amended by Order dated November 23, 2020; effective March 1, 2021. Rule 3A:14.1 Confidentiality of Juror Personal Information. (a) Motion for Order Regulating Disclosure of Jurors' Personal Information . — As provided in Code § 19.2-263.3, on motion of any party or its own motion, and only upon a finding of good cause sufficient to warrant departure from the norm of open proceedings, the court may issue an order which may include provisions: (1) regulating the disclosure of the names and home addresses of jurors or prospective jurors in a criminal trial. The court may limit or preclude dissemination of such information to particular persons, but in no event may such information be denied to counsel for either party or a pro se defendant; and/or (2) requiring that during the course of the trial, counsel for the parties, and the jurors themselves, must refer to jurors by number and not by name. Under this Rule, a finding of "good cause" includes, but is not limited to, a determination by the court in a particular case that if personal information of jurors or prospective jurors is disclosed there is a reasonable possibility of bribery, tampering, physical injury, harassment, intimidation of a juror, or any other material interference with the proper discharge of the jury's functions, such as a reasonably perceived threat to the jury's safety, well-being, or capacity to properly focus upon and perform its trial and deliberative duties. (b) Additional Personal Information. — Additional personal information of a juror who has been impaneled in a criminal case may be released only to the counsel for the defendant, a pro se defendant, and the attorney for the Commonwealth. (c) Modification of Order. — (1) An order under this Rule regulating the disclosure of the names and home addresses of the jurors in a criminal case may be modified by the court in the exercise of its discretion and for good cause shown, and such information may be disseminated to a person having a legitimate interest or need for the information, with such restrictions upon its use and further dissemination as may be deemed appropriate by the court. (2) The court may, upon motion of either party or its own motion, and for good cause shown, issue an order authorizing the disclosure of any additional personal information of a juror to any other person. Such order may be modified and may place restrictions on the use and further dissemination of such disclosed information. (d) Additional Personal Information. — For purposes of this Rule, " additional personal information " means any information other than name and home address collected by the court, clerk, or jury commissioner at any time, including but not limited to, a juror's age, occupation, business addresses, telephone numbers, email addresses, and any other identifying information that would assist another in locating or contacting the juror. Promulgated by Order dated March 1, 2011. Last amended by Order dated November 23, 2020; effective March 1, 2021.